Standards and disclaimer

Every tool page names the standard or published method it is calculated per and links to the official source where one exists. Some standards are sold by their publishers; we link to the official page rather than copying their text.

Standards by tool

• Modbus Register Interpreter: calculated per IEEE 754, Modbus Application Protocol (IEEE 754).
• CRC and Checksum Calculator: calculated per CRC catalogue check values.
• RS-485 Termination and Bias Calculator: calculated per TIA/EIA-485.
• UART Baud Rate Error Calculator: calculated per UART timing (16x / 8x oversampling).
• I2C Pull-Up Resistor Calculator: calculated per NXP I2C-bus specification (UM10204).
• 4 to 20 mA and 0 to 10 V Loop Scaling Calculator: calculated per NAMUR NE 43.
• RTD PT100 and PT1000 Calculator: calculated per IEC 60751.
• Thermocouple Type K and J Calculator: calculated per NIST ITS-90.
• NTC Thermistor Calculator: calculated per Steinhart-Hart equation.
• ADC Resolution and Noise Calculator: calculated per IEEE 1241 ADC terminology.
• Number and Bit Inspector: calculated per IEEE 754.
• Intel HEX and S-Record Inspector: calculated per Intel HEX format, Motorola S-record format.
• Timer and PWM Register Calculator: calculated per General MCU timer arithmetic.
• Fixed-Point Q Format Converter: calculated per Qm.n fixed-point notation.
• C Struct Layout and Padding Calculator: calculated per C ABI natural alignment (ARM AAPCS, System V).
• MQTT Topic Wildcard Matcher: calculated per MQTT 3.1.1 / 5.0 topic rules.
• Wire Gauge and Voltage Drop Calculator: calculated per AWG definition (ASTM B258).

Disclaimer

Calculations follow the published standards cited on each page and are an engineering aid, not a certification. Results depend on the inputs and assumptions you choose. Verify them against the standard and the device datasheet before use, and always in safety-critical work.

Spotted a mistake? Tell us at team@embedos.io.

Last updated 2026-10-07.